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Cyclone Filao
Cyclone Filao was a moderately intense tropical cyclone that caused widespread flooding in Mozambique in 1988. First classified as a tropical depression north of Madagascar, the system moved southwest, crossing the northern part of the nation before entering the Mozambique Channel on February 27, where it began to deepen. Later that day, the depression was upgraded into a moderate tropical storm. Two days later, Filao attained severe tropical storm intensity as it began to stall. On March 1, the storm reached cyclone intensity just before turning west. Later that day, Filao attained peak intensity, with winds of and a minimum barometric pressure of 954 mbar (hPa); 28.17 inHg. Within 24 hours, however, the system moved ashore near Quelimane in Central Mozambique, and several hours later, Filao dissipated inland.
Cyclone Filao killed 100 people in Mozambique, primarily in rural areas. Damage was heaviest in Quelimane, where wind gusts reached and rainfall totaled . There, 57 people were killed and 7,375 were left homeless. Elsewhere, the Pungwe River and Limpopo River experienced severe flooding, with the former sustaining its worst flood of the decade. Power and telephone services were also knocked out while a road that connected Mozambique to Zimbabwe was destroyed. In all, of crops were destroyed. Damage totaled to $10 million, including $1.5 million in property damage.
==Meteorological history==
On February 23, Météo-France's office on the island of Réunion (MFR) started monitoring a tropical depression to the northeast of Madagascar.〔 〕 At this time, the depression developed a closed circulation, which received a rating of T1.5 on the Dvorak Scale, a tool used to estimate a system's intensity. Shortly thereafter, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) first classified the system, designating it as 14S. Following a slight increase in organization,〔 the depression moved southwest and quickly crossed the tip of northern Madagascar. After weakening over land, the depression reentered the Mozambique channel near Analalava on February 25. Based on a 3.0 Dvorak classification, MFR upgraded the storm into a moderate tropical storm on February 27;〔 the JTWC would follow suit later that day.
After reaching the 40th meridian, Filao turned south, which weakened a ridge. The ridge near the system began to re-strengthen, causing Filao to move erratically, first west, and then northwest. The new position of the ridge provided highly favorable conditions aloft, resulting in a period of rapid deepening.〔 By February 29, MFR upgraded the storm into a severe tropical storm,〔 while the JTWC estimated that Filao attained hurricane-force.〔 Early on March 1, data from MFR indicated that Filao reached its peak intensity of 85 mph (135 km/h) and its minimum pressure of 954 mbar (hPa); 28.17 inHg,〔 in agreement with T4.5 and T5.0 from the Dvorak Technique.〔 Subsequently, the JTWC reported that Cyclone Filao had attained winds equivalent to Category 2 intensity on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale, with winds of .〔 Despite a decrease in satellite intensity estimates,〔 Filao held on to this intensity until 1800 UTC,〔 when the storm made landfall near Quelimane in Mozambique.〔〔 Cyclone Filao quickly weakened over land; both agencies suggest that the storm dissipated on March 2〔〔 over the Zambeze Valley and embedded into the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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